Hair waving



May 28, 19,35. H. STEIN ET AL 2,002,840 HAIR WAVING j "F iled Oct. 15, 1932 2 Sheets-Shee t 1 l ENTORS QWQ g e V E ATTVORNEY 7 y 2311935? I I H. STEIN ETAVI. 2,002,840

HAIR WAVING Filed 001;. 15, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 28, 1935 t WAVING v Hermann Stein, South Ozone Park, Carl G; Gross, 7

Mount Vernon, N. Y., and Warner S. Luci, Linder1 N..J., assignors, by mesne assignments, to American Machine and, Metals,Inc.', New York, N; Yga corporation of Delaware Application October 15, 1932, Serial No. 637,902 e 9'OIaims. (01.132446 I t The present invention relates to permanent the, time or intensity tr heating required and waving and more particularly to 'a permanentthus-make it possible forycurls requiring differ-1 waving heater for usein givinga croquignole or cut amounts of heat to be heated for the same fiatpermanent wave. 1 length of time. Another object is theprovision Objects and advantagesof the invention will of means permitting a single type and size of 5 be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will heater to be used equally well on large and'small be obvious herefrom,or may be learned by praccurls. Stillanother object is the provision of a tice with, the invention, the same being realized heater of improved construction which is more and attained by means of the instrumentalities durable, is formed of fewer parts, and can be and combinations pointed out in the appended manufactured more inexpensively than heaters 10 claims. t nowinuse. I V

The invention consists in the novel parts, con- Referringnow indetail to the illustrativeemstructlons, arrangements, combinations and imbodiment of the invention as shown in the accomprovements herein shown anddescribed. panying drawings, the lock of hair I to be curled The accompanying drawings, referred tofherein is wound in the usual manner on a croquignole 15 and constituting a'part hereof, illustrate one emwinding pin 2 of conventional construction. Pin bodiment of the invention, and together with the 2 is removably mounted in open sockets 3 at description, serve to explain the principles of the the ends of clamping jaws 4 in the usual maninvention. 1W ner. Jaws tare also provided with the cor- Of the drawings: U y rugated rubber inserts 5 which tightly clamp 20 Figure 1 is a side, elevation of the illustrative the lock' of; hair and prevent the hair-waving embodiment ofthe present invention; lotion dripping on to the headof the person re- Figure 2isa vertical cross-section through the ceiving the wave. i V embodiment shown inFigure 1, with the left-hand In accordance with the present invention, the

portion 01 Figure ,2 being taken on a medium heater comprises, a pair of relatively long and vertical line, while theright-hand portion is taken narrow encased heater elements, each provided to one sideoi said median line; t with ahandle attached to the casing, and pivotal- Figure 3 is aside elevation showing the inner ly connected together and resiliently pressed toside of one of the heating elements and its assowards, each other. As embodied, the heater eleciated handle, with certain parts broken away; ment comprises a length of insulated resistance 30 Figure 4 is a detailed perspective view of a heatwire I0 bent back and forth upon itself to form distributing and lagging member in accordance a relatively long, self-supporting element, with with the present invention; the wires insulated from each other, and held in Figure 5 vis a vertical longitudinal section position by the retaining bands H which are through thedevice shown in Figure 4; wrapped tightly around the shaped element. The 35 Figure 6 is adetailed perspective view of the ends of the resistance wire l0 preferably excasing for one of the heater elements; tend from one of the longitudinal edges oi'the Figure 'Tis a detailed perspective view of the element in a position closely adjacent and parallel spring shown in Figure 2; t to each other. 40 t Figure 8 is a detailed longitudinal section of Means are provided for insulating the heating 40 the heater element and insulatiom' element from its casing, and for this purpose a t Figure 9 is a detailed side elevation of the hansheet of mica l3, or other insulating material, is tile shown in Figures 1 and 2; provided with a pair of holes I4 positioned to cor- Figure 10 isa perspective view of the insulation respond to the ends I 2 of the resistance wire. for the heater element of Figure 8; and These holes I 4 are preferably positioned centrally 45 Figure-11 is a. circuit diagram for the ,device of the sheet l3 so that the insulating sheetvmay shown in Figures 1 and 2. be wrapped around the heating elementafter it The present invention has for. itsobject the has beenshaped. i e V e provision of anew and improved hair-waving The ends l2 of the resistance wire I!) are con- 7 an apparatus which will produce an improved curl. nected to connectors l5 ,yas by soldering, and

A further object is the provision of an attachthese connectors are in "turn secured to flexible ment for use with a permanent-waving heater conductors l6 and is through which electric for insuring uniform distribution of heat from current is supplied to the heater elements.

'the heater to, the curl. Another object is the Figure 11'Of the drawings-is a circuit diagram provision of optionally usable means to vary .showing themanner in which a pair of heating 55 elements are connected together in series by conductor l6, and by conductors It to the source of current supply.

The casing for the heater elements preferably 'comprises a singlesheet of aluminium, or-other As embodied, and as shown in detail in Figure 6,

this sheet "is so shaped and bent upon itself as to form a pair of similarly curved, long and narrow side walls 20, spaced from each other a in this position.

' By constructing the casing for the heating eleand connected together along their bottom edges by a sharply curved portion 2| of the sheet. The upper edges 22 of the curved side walls are adapted to fit tightly against each other when the casing is assembled. This sheet of material is also provided with integral end walls 23 adapted to close the space between and at the ends of the side walls 20. Ear 24 projects from one of the side walls and a smaller car 25 projects from the other and is bent to a position substantially parallel to that of ear 24. Ears 24 and 25 are apertured at 26 to receive a rivet by which they are held to their handle, as will be later described, while ear 24 is also provided 'witha pair of inwardly extending lugs 21 by which one heater may be pivotally mounted upon another.

Each of the heaters is provided with a handle 30, formed of material which is preferably both a heat and electrical insulator. Handle 30 is provided with an aperture 3i to coincide with apertures 26 in the ears 24 and 25, and is also provided with a pair of channels 32 to receive the flexible conductors l6, it, connected to the ends i2 of resistance wire ll). Channels 32 communicate withlarger channels 33 in which are seated the connectors l5, serving to prevent transmission of strain from the flexible conductor i6 or iii to the resistance wire ends l2, inasmuch as connectors i5 are of larger size than the channels 32.

In the assembly of the heater, the heater element, provided with its encasing insulating sheet l3 properly folded about it, is positioned within the space between side walls 20 of the casing, and this assembly may be easily accomplished by springing the side walls slightly apart w le the element is inverted. Handle 30 is then positioned between ears 24 and 25, and connectors l5 and conductors l6, l6 are properly arranged within channels 32 and 33. A thin strip of mica, or other flexible insulating material 35 is, then positioned between handle 30 and ear 24, to prevent contact of connectors l5 with the metal of the casing, and the side walls 20 are then pressed together until cars 24 and 25 are tight against opposite sides of the handle 30.

With the parts in this position, a single rivet 34 is passed through alined apertures 25 and 3|, and through an apertured reinforcing member 36 of relatively large size. The rivet may then be spun out to secure and firmly hold the parts ment of a single piece, and by preshaping the heating element before inserting it gin the casing, a very compact and strong assembly is produced, and the tendency of ears 24 and 25 to bend, as

the heating element is moved by its handle 30,

is greatly reduced, while reinforcing piece 38 further increases the strength of this assembly permitting the use of very light weight material with a consequent reduction in the weight to be supported on the patients head. 1

A pair of the heaters are adapted to be pivotally connected together to form the heater clamp which surrounds the lock of hair wound on mandrel 2, and means are also provided for resiliently pressing the heater elements towards each other and into engagement with the wound hair. For effecting this pivotal connection, each of the ears 24 is provided with a pair of integral lugs 21, extending away from handle 30 and projecting from opposite edges of the ear 24. 1

These lugs 21 are apertured, as at 28, and the apertures of the four lugs on the pair of heaters are held in alinement while the pivot pin 31 is passed through them to pivotally mount one heater upon its mate.

For pressing the heater elements towards each other, a spring 38 is coiled about pivot pin 31. As shown in Figure 'I, this spring comprises a pair of axially alined helical coils 39 connected together at their'adjacent ends by a U-shaped portion 40 of the spring wire which is adapted'to lie againstone of the ears 24. Near the outer ends of the coils the spring wire is bent to form a relatively wide loop 4| which bears against the other ear 24 and also serves as a stop limiting the'movement of handles 30 towards each other. This limit for the movement of the handles prevents sharp bending of the flexible conductor I 5, connecting the coils of the two heating elements together, thereby increasing the life'of the heater. Spring 38 is preferably quite strong and gives suflicient pressure to tightly press the heating elements into contact with the curl with the necessary pressure.

In accordance with the present invention, and as'shown in detail in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings, a. heat-distributing or lagging member is provided for uniformly distributing the heat supplied from the heating elements tothe curl, as well as for reducing the intensity of the heat so supplied. By means of this device, those curls which do not require as intense or as long a period of heating may be treated for the same length of time as other curls, facilitating the work of the operator, and preventing injury to the hair such as may occur through incorrect and confused operation of the switches.

As embodied, the heat-distributing member provides an air space between the curl to be waved and the heating elements, the air space serving to prevent uneven heating of the curl and also reducing the intensity of the heat transmitted to the curl by the heater. This member preferably comprises a parti-cylindrical shell of a length substantially the same as that ofthe winding pin 2, and slightly longer than the length of the wound curl to be waved. This parti-cylindrical shell is also somewhat larger than the diameter of the wound curl and is formed from a thin sheet of resilient metal. Shell 45 is secured to a second and inner shell 46, of a diameter slightly less than that of shell 45, and of substantially the same length. Shell 46 is'also parti-cylindrical and along its edges the metal is folded outwardly and back upon itself 'a short distance to provide channels 41 in which are received and tightly held the longitudinal edges of shell 45, thus securing the inner shell to the outer shell and forming a crescent-shaped member having open ends and an air space between its component shell.

Shells 45 and 46 are both preferably resilient and the structure as a whole may be bent to vary its internal and external diameter and thus conform it to the size of curl with which it is to be used.

In waving hair with the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, a lock of hair is wound on the winding pin on mandrel 2 and is clamped between the rubber jaws 5 in the usual manner. When properly wound, a pad comprising an absorbent and moisture-retaining layer 50, such as felt, saturated with hair-waving lotion, is positioned around the wound curl, and this may be covered with a layer of thin metal foil 5|.

The heat-distributing member is then pressed over the .curl and resiliently presses the lotionsaturated pad 50 into intimate contact with the curl to be waved. The heater clamps are then opened by pressing the handle portions together and the heaters are clamped on to the heat-distributing members with the inner side walls 20 of the heater in contact with the outer shell 45 of the heat-distributing member. Spring 38 resiliently holds the heaters in contact with the shell 45 and the curl is heated for the desired length of time with the parts in this position.

Where all of the curls to be waved are substantially the same size and require substantially the same period of heating, the heat-distributing members may be placed over each of the curls. However,- it often happens that certain curls require longer periods of heating than others, and

- when this is the case, the heat-distributing members are used with those curls which would normally require a shorter period of heating, said members serving to reduce the intensity of the heat so that all of the heaters may be switched on and 01f simultaneously, thereby reducing the chance that the operator might mistakenly turn the switches ofi at the wrong time.

The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific mechanism shown and described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the accompanying claims without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

What we claim is:--

1. As a new article of manufacture for use in hair waving, a pair of inter-connected particylindrical members, spaced from each other and joined together" along both their longitudina edges to form a spacer.

2. As a new article of manufacture foruse in hair waving, a parti-cylindrical spacer formed of 1 resilient metal, a second and slightly larger particylindrical sleeve of resilient metal overlying said firstsleeve and joinedthereto along its longitudinal edges.

3. A hair waving device including in combination a mandrel on which the hair is wound, a heater to surround and heat the hair wound on said mandrel and 'a heat distributing cushion adapted to be positioned between the hair and heater.

, 4. A hair waving device including in combination a mandrel on which the hair is wound, a heater to surround and heat the hair wound on said mandrel and a flexible metallic cushion positioned between said hair and heater and providing an air space therebetween.

5. A hair waving device including in combina-' tion a mandrel on which the hair is wound, a heater to surround and heat the hair wound on said mandrel and a resilient heat distributing cushion to be positioned around said wound hair and be held thereaga'inst by said heater.

6. A hair' waving device including in combination a mandrel on which the hair iswound, a heater to surround and heat the hair wound on said mandrel and a pair of inter-connected particylindrical metallic sheets forming a cushion and serving to clamp said hair and space the heater therefrom.

7. A hair waving device including in combination a mandrel on which the hair is wound, a heater to surround and heat the hair wound on said mandrel and a crescent-shaped heat distributing cushion to lie between said hair and heater.

8. As a new article of manufacture for use in permanent waving of human hair by means of an external heater, said article comprising a spacer cushion of substantially crescent shape section and adapted to be positioned around a wound curl and between the curl and the heater.

9. As a new article of manufacture for. use in permanent waving of" human hair, a resilient spacing member having smooth outer and inner surfaces and being of sufficient thickness to delay HERMANN STEIN. CARL G. GROSS. WARNER s. LUCI. 

